#forensic medicine

• ab absurdo — A Latin phrase meaning 'from the absurd'. It is used in medical logic, bioethics, and forensic expert reports to prove a clinical truth or a cause of death by demonstrating that any alternative hypothesis would lead to an impossible or contradictory conclusion.
• ab initio — A Latin phrase meaning 'from the beginning' or 'from first principles'. In biochemistry and computational pharmacology, it refers to calculations or simulations based strictly on the laws of quantum mechanics, without relying on preexisting empirical data (e.g., ab initio protein folding). In forensic medicine, it describes an act, toxic exposure, or pathological condition present from the very start.
• ab intestat — A phrase of Latin origin used in forensic medicine and psychiatric expert reports meaning 'without a will'. It refers to the succession or inheritance left by a person who died without leaving a valid will. In a clinical context, forensic boards often analyze ab intestat succession cases to evaluate whether the deceased suffered from dementia or other neuropsychiatric conditions that prevented them from executing a testament during their lifetime.
• ab intestato — The complete legal and forensic Latin form for 'ab intestat', meaning 'coming from a person who died without a testament'. In post-mortem psychiatric expert evaluations, the term is central to analyzing the mental capacity and competence of individuals with neurodegenerative diseases (such as vascular dementia or Alzheimer's) to validate the legal distribution of property.
• abaliena — An archaic medical and legal term meaning to alienate, transfer ownership of property, or, in a psychopathological sense, to cause the loss of mental faculties or sever a person's connection with reality. In 19th-century classical psychiatry, it was used to describe the process by which a patient lost sanity or became mentally alienated.
• abalienat — An archaic medical and legal term used to describe a person who has lost their mental faculties, sanity, or connection with reality; mentally alienated. In the context of historical forensic evaluations, being abalienated implied a lack of criminal responsibility and required the establishment of legal guardianship.
• abandonare — The act of abandoning; the deliberate desertion of a vulnerable individual (minor, chronically ill person, elderly person) who is unable to care for themselves. In forensic medicine and bioethics, abandonment constitutes a severe breach of the duty of medical or familial care, legally classified as a form of severe neglect abuse with direct vital implications.
• abdicațiune — An archaic and etymological variant for the term 'abdicare' or 'abdicație', frequently used in 19th and early 20th-century Romanian forensic texts. In the context of examining mentally alienated patients, the word denoted the formal act by which an individual abandoned civil duties or patrimony, with the validity of this act being contested in court based on evidence of mental alienation, mania, or severe cognitive disorders.